Musculoskeletal Injury Management

1. Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
Frozen shoulder is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It usually develops gradually and limits the range of motion in the shoulder.

Management Strategies:

• Physical Therapy: Gentle range-of-motion and stretching exercises to restore mobility.
• Pain Relief: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Heat Therapy: Applying heat before exercises can help relax the muscles and improve flexibility.
• Manipulation Under Anesthesia: In severe cases, a doctor may manipulate the shoulder while the patient is under anesthesia to break up the adhesions.

2. Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) occurs when the cartilage between the bones in the knee joint wears down, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility.

Management Strategies:

• Exercise and Weight Management: Low-impact exercises such as swimming and cycling can improve joint flexibility, while maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the knee.
• Medications: NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or corticosteroid injections help control pain and inflammation.
• Physical Therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the knee, particularly the quadriceps, helps stabilize the joint.
• Assistive Devices: Knee braces or orthotics can help offload pressure from the joint and reduce pain during movement.

3. Muscle Strain
A muscle strain refers to the overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers, usually occurring from overuse or sudden exertion.

Management Strategies:

• Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (RICE): The RICE protocol is commonly used to manage acute muscle strain, helping to reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation.
• Physical Therapy: Once the acute phase has passed, physical therapy can help restore strength and flexibility to the affected muscle.
• Gradual Return to Activity: A structured rehabilitation plan that includes stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent recurrence.

Effective management of these conditions involves a combination of physical therapy, pain relief strategies, and personalized rehabilitation programs. Always consult with a healthcare provider for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.